Monitor risk performance

You can monitor your risk performance, chargebacks and fraud rates using the insights dashboards in your Customer Area.

• Use the Risk & dispute management insights dashboard for general risk performance monitoring, and analyzing overall chargeback and fraud rates.
• Use the Card monitoring programs insights dashboard for detailed monitoring around Visa or Mastercard programs.

View the Risk & dispute management dashboard

To view the Risk & dispute management dashboard, you need to have the following user role:

• Merchant report

To open the dashboard:

1. Log in to your Customer Area.
2. Select Insights > Risk & dispute management.
3. The dashboard overview page will open.

You can filter the data shown in the dashboard. For example, you can filter on:

• Date range
• Merchant account
• Issuer country/region
• Payment method

You see an overview of totals based on the filters you applied, followed by a visualization of blocked and refused transactions, and an overview of the chargeback and Notification of Fraud (NOF) rates.

The dashboard shows performance information so that you can monitor, and take action if needed.

For example, it is important that you keep chargeback and fraud rates at an acceptable level. If they are too high, you can be placed in a monitoring program.

Risk performance

You can drill deeper into the data in the Risk performance section, and see more detailed performance visualizations.

If you selected a filter on the dashboard, for example a date range, you can see only the relevant data for the filter you applied.

In the risk performance section, you can apply more filters. For example, you can view performance data on:

• Risk rules
• Risk profile
• Payment method
• Merchant account

View the Card monitoring programs dashboard

To view the Card monitoring programs dashboard, you need to have the following user role:

• Merchant report

To open the dashboard:

1. Log in to your Customer Area.
2. Select Insights > Card monitoring programs.
3. The dashboard overview page will open.

You will see a tab for Visa, and a tab for Mastercard. The Status column shows how your company’s monthly chargeback and fraud numbers compare against the program thresholds.

You can monitor your performance for the following programs:

• Visa Dispute Monitoring Program (VDMP)
• Visa Fraud Monitoring Program (VFMP)
• Mastercard Excessive Chargeback program (ECP)
• Mastercard Excessive Fraud Merchant Compliance Program (EFM)

Fraud and dispute monitoring programs

Card schemes such as Visa and Mastercard have thresholds in place that indicate high or excessive chargeback and fraud rates. When you pass or are about to pass these thresholds, it means that your chargeback or fraud rates are higher than expected compared to the total number of transactions.

The schemes monitor data per month on the following data points:

You will be placed in a program if you meet or exceed the thresholds specified by the schemes. Being in a monitoring program might involve getting fined, and in the worst case it can have consequences for your payment processing.

Card schemes have introduced these programs to encourage businesses to closely monitor their disputes and fraud performance, and to take immediate actions if an increase in these levels is detected. The card networks monitor performance on a monthly basis.

There are different programs and thresholds per region and per card scheme. In most cases, you will receive an early warning, so that you can take action.

Visa

Visa has the following scheme programs; the Visa Dispute Monitoring Program (VDMP) and the Visa Fraud Monitoring Program (VFMP).

When you enter a program, you receive more details around the potential fines, exit criteria and remediation.

Since 15 April 2023, Visa includes domestic as well as international transactions in all program calculations in Europe. Previously, calculations only included international transactions.

Visa Dispute Monitoring Program (VDMP)

Dispute reason code 10.5 is excluded.

Visa Fraud Monitoring Program (VFMP)

Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program (VAMP)

From April 2025, Visa is consolidating the VDMP and VFMP into one global program; the Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program (VAMP).

The VAMP program evaluates performance using the VAMP ratio and the VAMP enumeration ratio.

VAMP ratio

• Metric: the number of fraudulent transactions (fraud count) and the number of non-fraudulent disputes.
  • The fraud count is the number of Visa Notifications of Fraud.
  • Non-fraudulent disputes are chargebacks with reason codes 11, 12 and 13.
  • Chargeback reason code 10.5 is excluded.
• Ratio calculation: (fraud count plus non-fraudulent disputes count) divided by the sales count.

Visa also considers acquirer thresholds for fraud and dispute counts. This means that Adyen also has to make sure that the defined VAMP thresholds are not exceeded.

VAMP enumeration ratio

• Metric: the enumeration activity, more commonly known as card testing activity or BIN attacks.
• Ratio calculation: the number of confirmed card not present (CNP) enumerated transactions (approved plus declined) divided by the total number of CNP transactions (approved plus declined).

Through VAMP, Visa assesses the ratios against the following thresholds for both Adyen and your merchant account(s). Exceeding the thresholds may involve getting fined. When you enter a program, you receive more details around the potential fines, exit criteria and remediation.

Additional criteria:

• For the merchant threshold, a minimum count of 1,000 disputes applies and only card not present (CNP) transactions are considered.
• For the merchant enumeration threshold, a minimum count of 300,000 monthly enumerated transactions applies, identified in the Visa ecosystem.
• The merchant excessive ratio identification only applies if the Adyen VAMP ratio is below 0.30%.
• Disputes resolved through the Visa Rapid Dispute Resolution (RDR) flow and the Cardholder Dispute Resolution Network (CDRN) are excluded.
• In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a minimum count of 100 disputes and a total fraud and dispute value of USD 75,000 or higher applies to the merchant's excessive identification.

Mastercard

When you enter a program, you receive more details around the potential fines, exit criteria and remediation.

Mastercard Excessive Chargeback Program (ECP)

Mastercard has two levels in their Excessive Chargeback Program; Excessive Chargeback Merchant (ECM) and High Excessive Chargeback Merchant (HECM).

Mastercard Excessive Fraud Merchant Compliance Program (EFM)

Cartes Bancaires

When you enter a program, you receive more details around the potential fines, exit criteria and remediation.

Fraud program

You enter the fraud program if you reach the following thresholds for four consecutive months:

• Fraudulent transaction rate above 0.30%
• At least EUR 20,000 in fraudulent transactions per month

Chargeback program

You enter the chargeback program if you reach the following thresholds for four consecutive months:

• Chargeback transaction rate above 2%
• At least 200 chargebacks per month

UnionPay

When you enter a program, you receive more details around the exit criteria and remediation.

Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program (MCMP)

You enter the program if you reach the following thresholds for two consecutive months:

• Chargeback transaction rate above 2.5%
• At least 50 chargebacks per month

High-Risk Merchant Monitoring Program (HRMP)

Elo

When you enter a program, you receive more details around the exit criteria and remediation.

Excessive chargeback program: Programa de Excesso de Disputas (PED)

The monitoring takes into account chargebacks with a fraud reason. Chargebacks with a commercial disagreement or other reason code are not included.

You enter the program if you reach the following thresholds for two consecutive months:

• Chargeback transaction rate above 1.49%
• At least 100 chargebacks per month
• More than 1,000 sales transactions per month

Fraud monitoring program: Programa de Monitoria

There is a card present, and a card absent fraud monitoring program. For both programs, fines begin in the second month, and continue at increasing rates in subsequent months.